RSA
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RSA (cryptosystem) - Wikipedia
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RSA comes from the surnames of Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Leonard Adleman, who publicly described the algorithm in 1977
public key based on two large prime numbers, along with an auxiliary value.
Messages can be encrypted by anyone, via the public key, but can only be decoded by someone who knows the prime numbers
practical difficulty of factoring the product of two large prime numbers, the “factoring problem”.